The US government jolted energy markets when it sanctioned Russia’s two biggest crude oil producers on Oct. 22.

More than 20 nations supporting Ukraine have pledged to "take Russian oil and gas off the global market" as part of efforts to pressure President Vladimir Putin to end the war.

The U.S. and the European Union are hitting Russia with another round of sanctions, aiming to cut into oil and gas export earnings that fund Moscow’s war against Ukraine.