If you ask any modern automotive nerd to name the first vehicle to feature a direct-injection diesel technology, you will likely get one of two answers. The Volkswagen Audi Group loyalist will point ...

Cost and complexity are discouraging Hyundai from applying direct injection to small engines. Direct injection reduces fuel consumption and emissions and in some applications boosts engine performance ...

However, not all innovations are equal, and nor do they follow a constant upward trend. Instead, their evolution takes the form of an S-shaped curve that reflects their typical lifecycle from early ...

Car companies spend billions developing engines, yet the same powertrain can appear beneath several different badges. This ...

Direct injection engines deliver fuel at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber. When the fuel spray strikes surfaces such as the piston crown or liner, a thin liquid film forms. This film ...

Flash boiling occurs when liquid fuel under high pressure enters an environment whose pressure lies below the liquid’s saturation pressure, driving rapid vapour nucleation and explosive atomisation.