Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced naturally during cellular metabolism often cause oxidative damage to cells. However, ...

Plasmodesmata (PD) are membranous nanopores that connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells and enable the cell-to-cell trafficking of nutrients and macromolecules, as well as invading viruses.

Metacaspases, cysteine proteases in plants, are traditionally linked to programmed cell death (PCD) but also have emerging roles in cellular homeostasis and pro-survival functions. Under abiotic ...

Scientists have created a new atlas of plant cells during immune response, in turn discovering a new rare cell state, called Primary IMmunE Responder (PRIMER), that acts as an immune response hub to ...

Human bodies defend themselves using a diverse population of immune cells that circulate from one organ to another, responding to everything from cuts to colds to cancer. But plants don't have this ...