When the early Earth’s magma ocean crystallized 4.4 billion years ago, the deep mantle trapped an ocean’s worth of water, ...

In astronomy, there is a concept called "degeneracy." It has nothing to do with delinquent people, but instead is used to ...

Some 4.6 billion years ago, Earth was nothing like the gentle blue planet we know today. Frequent and violent celestial impacts churned its surface and interior into a seething ocean of magma—an ...

The loss of the magma played a crucial role in the moon's landscape formation. There was once a magma-filled ocean on the south pole of the moon, scientists recently discovered after analyzing lunar ...