France has maintained border checks since the 2015 terrorist attacks. Austria first introduced controls on its borders with Slovenia and Hungary in September 2015, at the height of the refugee crisis, and has renewed them every six months since, citing migration pressures and internal security.

The Polish government reintroduced border control measures between Lithuania and Germany due to growing public concern over what many say is irregular migration.

Poland imposes border checks with Germany and Lithuania, citing increased migration pressures and public unease over immigration.