Most species on Earth exist as two biological sexes, and the exchange of genes between males and females is vital for their survival. Yet, what actually determines whether an individual develops into ...

The sex of the eggs depends on the type of parthenogenesis. Haploid parthenogenesis occurs when females produce haploid male offspring from unfertilized eggs. When offspring are born, they look almost ...

In the vast realm of insects, certain beetles, mites, and other insects—including bees, ants, and wasps—use a unique system of sex determination known as haplodiploidy. In this system, the sexual ...

Haldane’s rule occupies a special place in biology as one of the few ‘rules’ of speciation, with empirical support from hundreds of species. And yet, its classic purview is restricted taxonomically to ...

Researchers have been investigating the molecular mechanisms responsible for determining sex in ants. Although the vast majority of an ant colony consists of female workers, males are essential to the ...

What establishes the male or female sex of an ant? In humans, it is X and Y chromosomes that assume this function: women have two X chromosomes while men have one X and one Y chromosome. In ants, bees ...

Ants are everywhere – in our backyards, our kitchens, and even our picnics. But have you ever wondered how these tiny creatures determine their sex? It’s not as simple as you might think. A recent ...

Haplodiploidy and paternal genome elimination (PGE) are examples of asymmetric inheritance, where males transmit only maternally inherited chromosomes to their offspring. Under haplodiploidy, this ...

Rachael has a degree in Zoology from the University of Southampton, and specializes in animal behavior, evolution, palaeontology, and the environment.View full profile Rachael has a degree in Zoology ...

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States Understanding the evolution of eusociality in insects has been a long-standing and unsolved challenge ...