🎲 Monte Carlo Methods in Finance A powerful simulation technique used to estimate the value of uncertain outcomes — especially in complex financial problems. 🔍 What it does: It runs thousands (or millions) of random scenarios to model uncertainty in stock prices, interest rates, derivatives, or risk. 📈 Applications: Option pricing (like Black-Scholes alternatives) Risk management (VaR) Portfolio optimization Forecasting asset returns 👨‍🔬 Inventor: Developed during WWII by physicist Stanisla